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Obstetric Disorders

Obstetric Disorders

Overview:

Obstetric disorders are medical conditions that specifically affect pregnant individuals and their developing fetuses. These disorders can range from mild to severe and may impact both the health of the pregnant person and the well-being of the unborn baby. Prompt diagnosis, management, and treatment are crucial to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and child.

  1. Gestational Diabetes:

    Symptoms: High blood sugar levels during pregnancy.

    Risk Factors: Obesity, family history of diabetes, advanced maternal age.

    Treatment: Dietary changes, monitoring blood sugar levels, sometimes insulin injections.

  2. Preeclampsia:

    Symptoms: High blood pressure, protein in urine, swelling, headaches.

    Risk Factors: First-time pregnancy, history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension.

    Treatment: Bed rest, blood pressure monitoring, medication, early delivery if severe.

  3. Preterm Labor:

    Symptoms: Contractions before 37 weeks, pelvic pressure, backache.

    Risk Factors: Previous preterm birth, multiple pregnancies, certain uterine/cervical conditions.

    Treatment: Medications to stop contractions, bed rest, steroid injections to help fetal lung development.

  4. Placenta Previa:

    Symptoms: Painless bleeding in the later stages of pregnancy.

    Risk Factors: Previous cesarean section, multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age.

    Treatment: Bed rest, close monitoring, cesarean delivery if bleeding becomes severe.

  5. Ectopic Pregnancy:

    Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding.

    Risk Factors: Previous ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, fertility treatments.

    Treatment: Medication to dissolve the pregnancy, or surgical removal of the ectopic pregnancy.

  6. Hyperemesis Gravidarum:

    Symptoms: Severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss.

    Risk Factors: First-time pregnancy, history of hyperemesis, multiple pregnancies.

    Treatment: Fluid and electrolyte replacement, anti-nausea medications.

  7. Gestational Hypertension:

    Symptoms: High blood pressure without proteinuria.

    Risk Factors: First-time pregnancy, obesity, family history of hypertension.

    Treatment: Monitoring, lifestyle changes, medication if necessary.

  8. Miscarriage:

    Symptoms: Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, tissue passing from the vagina.

    Risk Factors: Advanced maternal age, certain genetic conditions, smoking, drug use.

    Treatment: Depending on the stage, observation, or medical/surgical intervention.

  9. Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR):

    Symptoms: Poor fetal growth, low fundal height, reduced fetal movements.

    Risk Factors: Chronic conditions, smoking, poor maternal nutrition.

    Treatment: Close monitoring, possible early delivery.

  10. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Infection:

    Symptoms: Often none in pregnant person; can cause serious infections in the newborn.

    Risk Factors: GBS colonization, premature rupture of membranes.

    Treatment: Antibiotics during labor to prevent neonatal infection.